Definition of Work in Physics

Definition of Work in Physics In  physics, work is defined as a  force  causing the movement- or displacement- of an object. In the case of a constant force, work is the scalar product of the force acting on an object and the displacement caused by that force. Though both force and displacement are vector quantities, work has no direction due to the nature of a scalar product (or dot product) in vector mathematics. This definition is consistent with the proper definition because a constant force integrates to merely the product of the force and distance. Read on to learn some real-life examples of work as well as how to calculate the amount of work being performed. Examples of Work There are many examples of work in everyday life.  The Physics Classroom  notes a few: a horse pulling a plow through the field; a father pushing a grocery cart down the aisle of a grocery store; a student lifting a backpack full of books upon her shoulder; a weightlifter lifting a barbell above his head; and an Olympian launching the shot-put. In general, for work to occur, a  force has to be exerted on an object causing it to move. So, a frustrated person pushing against a wall, only to exhaust himself, is not doing any work because the wall does not move. But, a book falling off a table and hitting the ground would be considered work, at least in terms of physics, because a force (gravity) acts on the book causing it to be displaced in a downward direction. Whats Not Work Interestingly, a waiter carrying a tray high above his head, supported by one arm, as he walks at a steady pace across a room, might think hes working hard. (He might even be perspiring.) But, by definition, he is not doing  any  work. True, the waiter is using force to push the tray above his head, and also true, the tray is moving across the room as the waiter walks. But, the force- the waiters lifting of the tray- does not cause the tray to move. To cause a displacement, there must be a component of force in the direction of the displacement, notes The Physics Classroom. Calculating Work The basic calculation of work is actually quite simple: W Fd Here, W stands for work, F is the force, and d represents displacement (or the distance the object travels).  Physics for Kids  gives this example problem: A baseball player throws a ball with a force of 10 Newtons. The ball travels 20 meters. What is the total work? To solve it, you first need to know that a Newton is  defined as the force necessary to provide a mass of 1  kilogram (2.2 pounds)  with an acceleration of 1  meter (1.1 yards) per second. A Newton  is generally abbreviated as N. So, use the formula: W Fd Thus: W 10 N * 20 meters (where the symbol * represents times) So: Work 200 joules A  joule,  a term used in physics, is equal to the  kinetic energy  of 1 kilogram moving  at 1 meter per second.

Major Rivers That Flow North

Major Rivers That Flow North A common misconception about rivers is that they all flow south. Perhaps some people think that all rivers flow toward the equator (in the Northern Hemisphere) or that rivers like to flow down toward the bottom of north-oriented maps. Whatever the source of this misunderstanding, the truth is that rivers, like all other objects on earth, flow downhill due to gravity. No matter where a river is located, it will take the path of least resistance and flow downhill as rapidly as possible. Sometimes that path is south, but it is just as likely to be north, east, west, or some other direction in between. Rivers That Flow North There are countless examples of rivers flowing northward. Some of the most famous are the worlds longest river, the Nile; Russias Ob, Lena, and Yenisey Rivers; the Red River in the United States and Canada; and Floridas St. Johns River. In fact, rivers that flow north can be found all around the world: Athabasca River, Canada, 765 milesRiver Bann, Northern Ireland, 80 milesBighorn River, United States, 185 milesCauca River, Colombia, 600 milesDeschutes River, United States, 252 milesEssequibo River, Guyana, 630 milesFox River, United States, 202 milesGenesee River, United States, 157 milesLena River, Russia, 2735 milesMagdalena River, Colombia, 949 milesMojave River, United States, 110 milesNile, Northeastern Africa, 4258 milesOb River, Russia, 2268 milesRed River, United States and Canada, 318 milesRichelieu River, Canada, 77 milesSt. Johns River, United States, 310 milesWillamette River, United States, 187 milesYenisey River, Russia, 2136 miles The Nile Image Source/Getty Images   The most famous river that flows north is also the longest river in the world: the Nile, which passes through 11 different countries in northeastern Africa. The rivers principal tributaries are the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The former is the stretch of river that begins at Lake No in South Sudan, while the latter is the stretch of river that begins at Lake Tana in Ethiopia. These two tributaries meet in Sudan, near the capital city of Khartoum, and then flow north through Egypt to the Mediterranean Sea. Since ancient times, the Nile has provided sustenance and support to the people who live along its banks. Herodotus, an ancient Greek historian, referred to Egypt as a gift of the [Nile], and there is no doubt that the great civilization would not have been able to prosper without it. The river not only provided fertile farmland, but also facilitated trade and migration, allowing people to travel more easily through an otherwise harsh environment. Lena River Of Russias mighty rivers- including the Ob, the Lena, and the Amur- the Lena is one of the longest, covering over 2,700 miles from the Baikal Mountains to the Arctic Sea. The river stretches through Siberia, a sparsely populated region known for its harsh climate. During the Soviet era, millions of people- including many political dissidents- were sent to prisons and labor camps in Siberia. Even before Soviet rule, the region was a place of exile. Some historians believe the revolutionary Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, after being exiled to Siberia, took the name Lenin after the Lena River. The rivers floodplain is known for its snow forests and tundra, habitats that are home to numerous birds, including swans, geese, and sandpipers. Meanwhile, the freshwater of the river itself is home to species of fish such as salmon and sturgeon. St. Johns River The St. Johns River is the longest river in Florida, running up the eastern coast of the state from St. Johns Marsh to the Atlantic Ocean. Along the way, the river drops only 30 feet in elevation, which is why it flows so slowly and tranquilly. The river feeds into Lake George, the second largest lake in Florida. The earliest people to live along the river were likely the hunter-gatherers known as Paleo-Indians, who inhabited the Florida Peninsula over 10,000 years ago. Later, the area was home to Native tribes including the Timucua and the Seminole. French and Spanish settlers arrived in the 16th century, and it was Spanish missionaries who later established a mission at the mouth of the river. The mission was named San Juan del Puerto (St. John of the Harbor), giving the river its name.

International and comparative education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International and comparative education - Essay Example The concept of gender equity is the stage of human social development whereby the rights, responsibilities and the opportunities available to individuals will not be subject to determine by the fact of being born male or female. In a complete gender balanced situation, it will be possible for aal genders to realize their full potential. There is a major problem of gender imbalance in the education sector, particularly on the participation of the feminine gender. It is apparent that the female gender remains the most to be disadvantaged  on matters of  access to education at different levels. This topic has been under debate in many international platforms as the initiative of enhancing girl child education (Gerntholtz et al., 2011). Basing on this context, it thus leads to the thesis; countries that fail capitalizing on the full potential of gender balance are misallocating their human resources, thus undermining their competitive advantage. This paper is going to analyze on the education system of South Africa and Nigeria with the aim of addressing issues of gender imbalance, focusing particularly on teenage education. The main purpose of the paper aims at justifying how investment in educational gender balance helps in shaping the ability of both the male and female for them to reach their full potential in t he society. The main problems facing the education system worldwide is the aspect of achieving gender balance. Educational attainment is without any doubt, remains the most fundamental prerequisite aimed at empowering women in all spheres of the society. Without having a comparable quality on the content of education provided to the boys and men in society, women will be unable to access well-paid and formal sector jobs. They will also fail to advance within them, be able to participate in, be unable to be represented in government, and fail to gain political influence (Gerntholtz

Differences in Marketing products or Services to Organisations and Essay

Differences in Marketing products or Services to Organisations and Customers - Essay Example Marketing is the core of any business and the success or failure of marketing can affect the future of the organization. Different marketing strategies are used for different products and services. Moreover, marketing strategies used for marketing a product or service to a customer and to an organization is different as both an organization and a customer have basic differences in their buying habits. This paper briefly explains the basic differences in marketing a product or service to a customer and an organization. Organizations purchase and use goods for further production, operations, or resale whereas the customers always buy finished goods for their personal use. In other words, organizations always look for the utility of the product or service they purchased for making the profit whereas customers always look for quality, reliability and cheaper price of the product. Advertisements and sales promotion techniques can usually attract more customers whereas such things alone may not convince organizations. For example, a tire manufacturing organization purchases rubber for making tires. So they will be keen in getting rubber for the cheaper price and in better quality rather than the attractiveness of the branding or packaging of it. On the hand, a customer who purchases a tire will definitely be attracted by the brand value and attractive packaging.

Night of the Scorpion Essay Example for Free

Night of the Scorpion Essay In Vultures and Night of the Scorpion the description used is both vivid and horrific. The descriptions cause the reader to have mixed emotions throughout the poems; the poet changes his narrative perspective on things which in turn affects the reader; this is what makes the poems thought provoking and strange. The name Night of the Scorpion sounds like a scary monster film. This misleads the reader because this poem is not like that at all. Instead of the scorpion being evil, the poet describes the scorpions actions which lead us to feel sorry for it. Ten hours of steady rain had driven him to crawl beneath a sack of rice. The word driven suggests that the scorpion had no other choice. He is desperate to be safe and dry, so he crawls beneath a sack of rice. In this part of the poem, we dont see the scorpion as a monster as the title of the poems suggests. The sympathy for the scorpion is contrasted when the scorpion stings the mother. There is some mixed emotion in the reader; because we dont know whether the scorpion is innocent, because he needs somewhere to stay; or is he is evil as the title suggests, because he has unprovokedly stung the mother. Flash reflects the suddenness and sneakiness of the sting. His tail is described as diabolic, which means it is evil and devil like. The neighbours are quite selfish in that they see this as entertainment. The peasants came like swarms of flies. The mother obviously hated them coming to watch her suffer. The neighbours are sympathetic though and try to help the mother. Buzzed the name of God a hundred times to paralyze the Evil One. The idea of them buzzing is proving irritating to the mother, and refers to the idea of swarms of flies. The poet uses capital letters to describe Evil One. This makes the scorpion seem powerful, but in an evil way referring back to the title of the poem. The repetition of the letter P in the alliteration parting with his poison makes the reader feel the powerful and dangerous nature of the sting as the P sounds quick but agonizing. Similarly, the title of the poem Vultures makes the reader predict what the poem is about. In fact, the poem is not intended to be about vultures at all, the vultures are a metaphor for an idea that the poet wants to explore. The idea is that love can be found even in the most evil of beings. The descriptions of the vultures are harsh and frightening. His smooth bashed in head, a pebble on a stem rooted in a dump of gross feathers. Smooth bashed in head, is juxtaposition because it is impossible for something to be smooth and bashed in at the same time. A pebble on stem rooted in a dump of gross feathers, is a metaphor which is trying to giving the message that the vulture is just a thing with no important significance. Throughout the poem, the poet is giving the message of death, war and violence using very strong descriptive imagery. Yesterday they picked the eyes of a swollen corpse in a water-logged trench and ate the things in its bowel. The corpse in the trench is referring to a soldier who has died in a war trench. The alliteration in the first few lines helps set a negative tone. Drizzle of one despondent dawn. The drizzle brings the idea of rain, which refers to unhappiness. Despondent is bringing the idea of depression, despair, and hopelessness. Dawn is early in the day, meaning that nobody is around which brings the idea of loneliness. The hard accentuation of the D is ringing through these opening lines; the D is also referring to the idea of death, which this poem is revolving around. A vulture perching high on broken bone of a dead tree. The poet has personified the tree by giving it bones. Broken bones, is supporting the idea of war, where there are epic injuries and death. Sunbreak, means sunset. But the poet has used this word as a substitute to bring the idea of sadness; because even the sun which is stereotypical of being happy is sad and is breaking. There is no anticipation that this will be a happy or sunny poem and yet, unexpectedly, the vulture inclines his bashed in head to settle affectionately against his mate. The vulture is clearly not put off by the surrounding environment. This one description of love is immediately followed by more images of the repulsive and revolting as the eating habits of the birds are described vividly and stomach churningly. Both poems use unexpected changes of mood and dimension to engage the reader with the ideas of the poems. We start off feeling sympathy for the scorpion, but we are left thinking that this really is a diabolical creature. With the vultures, we feel that they represent something depressing and violent and yet we are surprised by the affection between the two birds. Both poets use descriptions of places and the activities carried out in them to develop the ideas explored in the poems. In Night of the Scorpion, the description of the activity of the neighbours makes the reader feel irritated by them, even though they are said to be there to help the mother. They are described in a way that makes them seem annoying like flies. The peasants came like swarms of flies This simile is continued, they buzz and fuss and click. The poet is trying to make the reader feel truly annoyed with them, by using strong imagery. This irritation is surprising to the reader because the neighbours are trying to help, but possibly a bit too enthusiastically. They bring equipment with them. More candles, more lanterns, more neighbours. The poet has deliberately made this into a type of list, because lists are annoying, which contrasts the neighbours. This repetition of more also helps the reader to feel that the neighbours are relentless and irritating as they try to help the bitten mother, because the help is gaining no results, so even more people is just plain annoying. The lack of sympathy from the poet can be shown in the repetition of they said.

Essay --

Though the national public opinions on marijuana and the use of it have recently gained massive media attention, the question still largely remains: â€Å"Do the benefits of marijuana uses outweigh the potential risks associated with it?† The truth of the matter is that all of the negative attributes that would come along with its legalization and usage make one wonder why the nation is even deliberating on the subject. These main reasons clearly identify why marijuana should remain illegal. First, marijuana legalization poses a serious risk for the occurrence of an upswing in teen marijuana use. Secondly, marijuana poses countless health risks on individuals who use it. Finally, the benefits associated with marijuana use are minimal, to say the least, and therefore would do nothing more than allow people to get high at free will. Overall, even though marijuana has been heavily promoted through its own advocates as well as the media as a substance with a plethora of benefits, the legalization of the use of this drug would ultimately do more harm than good. It’s no secret that the media has heavily glamorized marijuana usage in recent times. Teens are watching as more and more states put marijuana legalization measures on their ballots. They are watching as states like Washington and Colorado legalize recreational marijuana use. Not to mention all the stars that glamorize drugs. Teens watch as stars they admire like Miley Cyrus openly proclaim their love for marijuana and getting stoned from it. (Rivera) Slogans like â€Å"Just Say No† are slowly fading from the minds of our nation’s teens. When teens watch things like this occur, it’s easy to see why they may want to begin using marijuana. The issue with this is that an upswing in teen ma... ...uana’s benefits probably do not outweigh its drawbacks, and therefore should remain illegal. Marijuana is and will remain a hot topic in American minds from years to come. Its legal status, though, is the situation at hand and the question remains: â€Å"Does the drug carry enough positive qualities to overcome all of its negative attributes?† The simple answer to that question is â€Å"no.† The drug poses a serious risk in an upswing of teen marijuana use, it has been proven to contain numerous health risks, and its benefits are so small and minimally-researched that likely the only â€Å"benefit† to come from its legalization is freedom for people to get stoned at their own discretion. To sum it up, marijuana is simply something that can do without legalizing. Keeping its status illegal will ultimately help keep our citizens from going down a road they certainly do not need to.

Paris Peace Conference

The 1900’s were a very eventful era with many new innovations and inventions, some deadly and some beneficial. A crucial event during this time period was the Paris Peace conference in 1919. The need for this conference was caused by World War I and the big three (Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd-George and Georges Clemencueau). The Paris Peace Conference had many outcomes such as the Treaty of Versailles, the formation of the League of Nations, L’ Organisation de la Paix (1921-27) and the Dawes plan. World War I commenced after the assassination of the heir to the Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand in Serbia.The Black Hand Gang were Bosnian terrorists who were behind the assassination. Their motive was to protest again the seizure of their own country by Austria-Hungary. After Franz Ferdinand and his wife had been killed Austria-Hungary announced war. The alliance system at the time was intricate between all of the European Nations. Russia was allies with Serbia and France an d Britain were allies with Russia so they declared war on Austria-Hungary and Germany who were allies. The empires overseas colonies then joined in the war. The technology in World War I was highly advanced during this time period.Many inventions such as the Fokker, U boat, tanks, personal weapons, grenades, gas and trenches created horrific violence and death for both sides. Trenches destroyed French land. Germany created the Fokker, an aircraft that was priceless and The U boat, which was a submarine, a very clever and sneaky innovation. Tanks provided more force on the ground. The effects of ‘modern war’ were physically and emotionally damaging to the men fighting for their country and their families at home. Since personal weapons and gas had been created there was no need to fight face to face with the opposite side.Men were made to feel like hardware, and small mechanism on the big scale of war, as though they were disposable. This was also mentally damaging. Arti st Otto Dix shows this, portraying men as half robot half men as though war had changed them forever, physically and emotionally. People wanted peace and serenity in their lives. After Germany surrender in November on the 11th, 1918 the Paris Peace Conference materialized. During the war the German government was running on the emperor system however they changed their government structure to a democracy system.Germany thought that this would minimise their punishment after signing the peace treaty however, they were very wrong. Twenty-one countries attended the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919. Germany was not invited to attend. The big Three, USA (President Woodrow Wilson), Britain (Prime Minister David Lloyd-George) and France (Premier Georges â€Å"Tiger† Clemenceau) were all major influences. They all wanted to protect and look out for their own countries and all wanted different outcomes of the Paris Peace Conference.Woodrow Wilson was the President of the USA dur ing the time of the Treaty Versailles. He thought that the punishments being laid upon Germany were too harsh and opted for a softer punishment. He incorporated his 14 point plan into the treaty and believed there should be â€Å"peace without victors or vanquished†. He wanted the end of old empires and arranged for new countries to be formed such as Poland, Czechoslovakia and Finland. He thought that if the treaty was not so harsh Germany would not start another war again in order for revenge.David Lloyd George was the Prime Minister of Britain during this time. Britain was never invaded by Germany but many British soldiers fought and died on the front line. Many British people wanted revenge so David supported harsh penalties but not to the same extent as France. He wanted to â€Å"squeeze Germany until their pips squeak† but privately wanted to be soft; he didn’t think harsh measures were fair. He wanted to ensure that France did not become too powerful in Eu rope and wanted the German economy to remain strong to balance the power of Europe.He was worried about Wilson’s 14 point plan for â€Å"self determination†, offering colonies the right to their own say in their future, he wanted to preserve their Empire. Georges Clemenceau or â€Å"tiger† as he was otherwise known, had been defeated by Germany in both WW1 and the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71. He wanted to ensure security from another invasion and partly wanted revenge for being humiliated and defeated. Much of WW1 had been fought on French soil, which led to huge damage to historic and important buildings and resources. France shared a Border with Germany so Georges wanted punishment to be harsh and make Germany weak.He wanted Germany to pay for all the destruction they had caused. He demanded harsh penalties for Germany so France would be protected. The consequences of the Paris Peace Conference were extensive and vast. It created treaties, alliances, groups and rules that otherwise would not of been formed if the Paris Peace Conference had not existed. The Treaty of Versailles was the first outcome of the Conference. This treaty affected Germany mainly however they were not allowed to negotiate the treaty with the big three, they we arguably forced into it.If Germany did not sign then war would resume. The treaty aimed to weaken Germany by reducing their Territory, reducing their military, weakening their economy and shaming them through a war guilt clause (article 231). Their military was reduced to 100 000 soldiers in the army and the navy and air force were terminated. Germany caused a lot of damage to France during war and was set to pay reparations. This also weakened their economy so that they could not afford to start another war. Their territory was reduced by 13. % and they lost all their overseas colonies Germany was furious at this treaty but they had no choice but to sign. The next day the newspaper headlines read; â€Å" vengeance German Nation! † The next consequence of the Paris Peace Conference was the Dawes plan. Germany was struggling to pay France and Britain the war reparations and without the money France and Britain could not pay the USA their war debts. So Dawes and politician created the Dawes plan, which, was a money go round plan. The USA would lend money to Germany to pay France and Britain reparations and then France and Britain could pay the USA.This was called ‘artificial prosperity’, because the peace or the prosperity relied on the US economy and when the stock market crashed in 1929 it sent the countries relying on the USA into deep economic depression. After the Paris Peace Conference the League of Nations was formed. This was a part of Wilson’s 14-point plan for peace. It was the creation of an international body that looked after itself and international issues. The proposal was a ‘league of nations’ that would reject war as a means of so lving disputes, instead relying on diplomacy and negotiation. The U. S government did not support their president and refused to join the league even though it was his idea. They believed in ‘isolationism’ and wanted nothing to do with the European issues. This caused problems because the USA was superpower. Germany and Russia were also not invited to join and they were communist. L’ organisation de la Paix was the French security measure. The French were not prepared to rest on ideals for their defence. They refused to disarm (an idea for the league of nations for peace) and set about building up a set of military alliances to surround Germany.The French were worried that if Germany became strong again that they would attack. They also built a physical barrier between themselves and Germany called the Maginot line, in 1927. By 1926 Germany was invited to join the League of Nations. The conference created at decade of peace through Europe. However, after the stoc k market had crashed (which resulted in the world entering depression) the political party the Nazis overtook Germany and showed their hatred toward the treaty of Versailles and The League of Nations which resulted in world war II.